Cold War submarinesjoe's original dartmouth menu
Nevertheless, submarines solve strategic problems, and not every great submarine needs to be a Porsche.
One, the Kursk, was lost in one of the most horrific accidents in submarine history. The fruits of the Walker spy ring and the Toshiba-Konigsberg scandal spread across several classes of Soviet submarine, but the Akulas benefitted most of all. For the purposes of this list, we’re excluding Large, fast, and quiet, the Permit class set that standard for American and British submarines for the rest of the Cold War.
The enlarged but simplified hull redistributed machinery allowed a much deeper diving depth than previous Royal Navy subs.Displacing 5000 tons submerged, the Swiftsures could make some 30 knots submerged. One submarine, HMS Conqueror, remains the only nuclear submarine to have destroyed an enemy ship in anger.Following up on the Churchill class, the Swiftsures were of innovative design, both in terms of hull technology and propulsion. Nevertheless, they served the Royal Navy very effectively against the Soviets, and would have won victories in the Falklands if the politics had played out differently.Not every navy can afford an advanced nuclear attack submarine.
These innovations included powerful bow sonar, a streamlined, deep-dive capable hull, and advanced quieting technology.
The United States and the Soviet Union were the main players in the Cold War submarine campaign, but were hardly the only entrants. Nine remain in Russian service, with another on loan to the Indian Navy.The basic design concepts of Cold War submarines were, fortunately, never tested in direct combat.
The ability of the Type 209 to remain in service in so many different fleets, often in widely varying maintenance conditions, attests to the robust nature of the initial design.The Oscars were the apogee of the Soviet cruise missile submarine, a type that began with the Echo and continued with the Charlie. The enlarged but simplified hull redistributed machinery allowed a much deeper diving depth than previous Royal Navy subs.Displacing 5000 tons submerged, the Swiftsures could make some 30 knots submerged. Later boats in the Los Angeles class would carry dedicated cruise missile silos, technically making them SSGNs instead of SSNs, although the designation never changed in practice (until the conversion of four Ohio class boomers to the cruise missile mission). The basic hull design has proven remarkably flexible, spawning a series of variants specialized for different tasks.
They carried 24 Granit missiles, in addition to a bevy of torpedo launched weapons.The United States and the United Kingdom would eventually adopt the same practice as the Russians, although instead of dedicating specific sub types to cruise missile launches they would focus on converting missiles for launch from conventionally designed nuclear attack subs. The German Type 209, first built in 1971, served as the strategic answer for a great many navies in the Cold War, and continues to serve today.For obvious reasons, German submarine development stalled at the end of World War II. Their crews carried out intelligence-collection operations, sought out and stood ready to destroy opposing submarines, and, from the early 1960s, threatened missile attacks on their adversary’s homeland, providing in many respects the most survivable nuclear deterrent of the Cold War.
Displacing 16500 tons, they could make 32 knots submerged. The MIT Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0262691987. For the purposes of this list, we’re excluding Large, fast, and quiet, the Permit class set that standard for American and British submarines for the rest of the Cold War.
US technological innovation and industrial practice made it possible for the USN to develop and maintain submarines with advanced noise-suppression technology. Free Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1574885941.
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