Puerto Rico Trench earthquakesjoe's original dartmouth menu

At least one person has died, and hundreds of others are displaced. Bathymetry of the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate. Figure 1. The Puerto Rico Trench is also associated with the most negative gravity anomaly on earth, -380 milliGal, which indicates the presence of an active downward force. Preliminary faulting mechanisms for the event indicate it ruptured either a structure dipping shallowly to the south and striking approximately east-west, or a near-vertical structure striking northwest-southeast. Other Puerto Rican cities also have substantial risk.The hazard from tsunamis is also apparent. The risk of a major quake, underwater landslide and mega tsunami are as great as that of the Seattle area. The trench is less deep where the component of subduction is larger.

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Over 4 million U.S. citizens live on these islands, mostly along the coast. Because the island lies on an active plate boundary, earthquakes are a constant threat, and the densely populated coastal areas are vulnerable to tsunamis. The oceanic trench, the deepest in the Atlantic, is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trough to the coast of Central America. Finally, a thick limestone platform, which was originally deposited in flat layers near sea level, is now tilted northward at a uniform angle. Preliminary focal mechanism solutions for the earthquake indicate faulting occurred as the result of slip on either a moderately dipping plane striking just north of west, or on a moderately dipping plane striking just west of south. This trench is capable of producing 8.0 earthquakes and above. The volcano spewed mud as far as 10 kilometers (6.2 miles).
Because of its high population density and extensive development near the coast, Puerto Rico has a significant risk for earthquakes and tsunamis.NOTICE: This page is being retained for reference purposes only and is no longer being updated or maintained. Scientific studies have concluded that an earthquake occurring along this fault zone could generate a significant The Puerto Rico Trench is located at a boundary between two Knowledge of the earthquake and tsunami risks has not been widespread among the general public of the islands located near the trench. A 1918 magnitude 7.5 earthquake resulted in a tsunami that killed at least 91 people in northwestern Puerto Rico (figure 4). Some reports indicate that nearly 1,800 people drowned. Probability for damaging ground motion at San Juan and Mayaguez in comparison to other seismic high-risk areas in the U.S. (e.g. The southern side of the trench, north of Puerto Rico, is covered with a smooth layer of limestone. Figure 4. Numerical simulation of the 1918 Puerto Rico tsunami showing calculated inundation of the Aguadilla coast in northwest Puerto Rico.

Essentially, all of the known causes of tsunamis are present in the Caribbean -- earthquakes, submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruptions, subaerial pyroclastic flows into the ocean, and major tsunamis called teletsunamis. The Puerto Rico Trench is a very flat depression, 280 kilometers (175 miles) long. In contrast, on its eastern boundary, the Caribbean overrides the North American plate, creating the island arc of the Lesser Antilles with its active volcanoes.The geologic settings of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have created or contributed to several pressing societal issues related to human safety, environmental health, and economic development.

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