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Late and Very Late Adulthood: A Social Work PerspectiveLate adulthood starts at age 65 and very late adulthood refers to the 85 and older population. He theorized that life review is a way to assess and make meaning of one’s life. Many older adults spend their later years in assisted living facilities or nursing homes, which can have social and emotional impacts on their well-being. In the United States, people older than 65 years account for 33% of the nation’s health care expenditures while only representing 12% of the population. Average life expectancy in the United States is around 80 years; however, this varies greatly based on factors such as socioeconomic status, region, and access to medical care.
When people are prejudiced against the elderly and then become old themselves, their anti-elderly prejudice turns inward, causing depression.
It seems that all of the body’s physiological systems: nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, sensory, and integumentary, are dramatically impacted by the onset of later life (Hutchison, 2015). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Find study materials for any course. In general, women tend to live longer than men by an average of five years. 2017). People interact with others less frequently, but due to selecting who they want to be in contact with5: Mutuality—process of exchange or interdependenceinherent in cognitive, affective & physical intimacy & facilitated by communication-Increases with decreased mobility/ independence & less social contactinvolves helping people shape their memories & experiences for otherspersonal autonomy, independence & sense of control are highly valuedDownload our app to study better. There is evidence that humans become more religious or spiritual during late adulthood.
For example, research suggests that people with religious or spiritual beliefs are better able to cope with death because of their belief in an afterlife and because of social support from religious or spiritual associations (Hood, Spilka, Hunsberger, & Corsuch, 1996; McIntosh, Silver, & Wortman, 1993; Paloutzian, 1996; Samarel, 1991; Wortman & Park, 2008).Depending on culture, aging can be seen as an undesirable phenomenon or as an accumulation of wisdom and status.Analyze the effects of societal perception on treatment of the elderlyHow people view and perceive the aging process varies greatly from culture to culture. Macular degeneration involves deterioration of the retina and is a leading cause of blindness in older adults.Sharp increases in hearing difficulties often start around age 60. To sign up you must be 13 or older. Anytime, anywhere. Several studies have shown that depressed people recover memories which are less specific and more general compared with nondepressed people. Because of physical changes, loss and retirement, friendship is important in both of these life stages (Hutchison, 2015).During these two life stages, many individuals experience loneliness. The never married tend to be very involved in family and care giving and do not appear to be particularly unhappy during late adulthood, especially if they have a healthy network of friends. Significant health benefits were reported, including favorable changes in blood pressure, body composition and glucose, however further research is needed to prove that cardiovascular risk decreases (Barrows & Fluery, 2016).Oftentimes, there is a division when describing the concepts of religion and spirituality.
Crystallized Intelligence reflects the repository of knowledge that is acquired through experiences, culture, and education (Li, Baldassi, Johnson, & Weber, 2013).There have been many different studies that show differing effects of this change on decision making in older adults.
This is called overgeneralization of memory and is considered one of the most characteristic features of memory in people with depression (Ramırez, Ortega, Chamorro, & Colmenero, 2014).Something that can be used from a social work perspective to intervene with this is life review therapy. One consequence of this is glare. Traditional values demand honor and respect for older people, who are considered to be wiser from experience. The older adults in the video seemed to be very fit and active. At one end of the spectrum, in later adulthood, we have more experiences and therefore more knowledge with which to face the challenges of daily life. 6.
If an elderly person has to move away from friends, community, their home, or other familiar aspects of their life in order to enter a nursing home, they may experience isolation, depression, or loneliness.Increased dependency can also put older adults at risk of elder abuse. How do gender, race, ethnicity, and social class affect access to physical assistance in very late adulthood? At the other end of the spectrum, we are faced with declines in reasoning, speed of processing, and memory that are often concomitant with the primary physiological changes that occur.Short-term memory refers to information stored for relatively brief periods of time (<60 seconds). I also appreciate the vivid image you illustrate of an aging adult here. About 33% of people older than 70 years report some type of hearing loss. How do current social arrangements threaten and/or support the desire for social connections among very late-life adults?
Theorist Erik Erikson (1902-1994) devised a framework for development based on psychosocial stages, and he defined the last stage of life as a tension between integrity and despair. Cardiovascular and respiratory problems become more common in old age. A general decline in memory is very common, due to the decrease in speed of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
The changes that occur because of secondary aging tend to be more common in older ages but are caused more by health habits, heredity, and other influences that vary by person.
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