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parallelizable code. 如果你细心可以发现，不管是 std::lock_guard，还是my_lock_guard，都使用了一个 std::mutex 作为构造函数的参数，这是因为我们的 lock_guard 只是一个包装类，而实际的加锁和解锁的操作都还是 std::mutex 完成的，那什么是 std::mutex 呢？ mutex, has granted access to the resource. A lock guard is an object that manages a mutex object by keeping it always locked. This transfers lock ownership from one instance of the resource to another. because then other threads can lock it. the element of the vector.

We obtain more mutex because it is already locked (look figure below).

The thread, which locks the locks last as little time as possible. It is defined under the header file mutex.h. This minimizes the time when threads are waiting to get a lock on the mutex and not doing any useful work. No other thread can then lock the Let’s explain it in more detail. One way of preventing data races between the threads is to use mutexes.A mutex is usually associated with a resource. (2) adopting initialization The object manages m, which is a mutex object currently locked by the constructing thread.

shared resource and the second part locally processes the resource.A mutex must be locked just in the first part of the function, because we access In principle, we would like that the Constructs a lock_guard object that keeps m locked. It is the simplest lock, and is specially useful as an object with automatic duration that lasts until the end of its context. C++ lock_guard. First part of the function accesses some

Let’s say that we have a long function. Syntax: template < class Mutex > //Mutex is the resource to lock class Std_unique_lock; Difference between std::lock_guard and std::unique_lock. Consequently, no other On construction, the mutex object is locked by the calling thread, and on destruction, the mutex is unlocked . (1) locking initialization The object manages m, and locks it (by calling m.lock()). thread has an access to the resource guarded by the locked mutex. The difference is that the std::unique_lock consists of various other functionalities.The programmer has the ability to unlock the resources with the lock object in the case of std::unique_lock. remember The programmer is able to unlock the mutex with the help of the guard objectThis means that the programmer can unlock the mutex before the locked anymore (because we don’t access any shared variable).In fact, it is preferable that the mutex is not locked in the second part, Before proceeding to the differences, let us discuss the The programmer does not have the ability to unlock the std::lock_guard but he can unlock the std::unique_lock.The object creation in std::lock_guard and std::unique_lock is as follows:The constructor of the object lock1 locks the resource and when the object scope is over, the object destructor unlocks the mutex.The constructor of the object lock2 locks the resource and the object destructor unlocks the mutex. This is the

mutual exclusion: only one thread has access to the resource at any given time.We already spoke about the problems which appear when using mutexes in our code: One of the differences between std::lock_guard andstd::unique_lock is that the programmer is able to unlockstd::unique_lock, but she/he is not able to unlockstd::lock_guard.

In the second part, the mutex doesn’t need to be 可能被多个线程修改的数据，我们一般用互斥量（mutex）来保护。 mutex在同一时间，只能被一个线程拿到（专业术语叫lock）, 其他试图lock mutex的线程会被挂起，直到该mutex被释放后，才有可能拿到mutex并继续执行。

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